7/25/07

Symptoms of High Cholesterol

Only a Blood Test Can Detect High Cholesterol

Heart disease has now surpassed cancer as the number one cause of death in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. High cholesterol is one of the important components risk factors for heart disease. Unfortunately, there are no symptoms that are associated with high cholesterol. It is usually diagnosed through a routine blood test, and may come as a surprise to the person who is diagnosed, because he or she may feel OK otherwise.

In some cases, people may not find out that they have high cholesterol levels until they have had their first heart attack or stroke.

Although there are no symptoms associated with high cholesterol, it is the most modifiable risk factor for heart disease.

This is why getting your cholesterol checked is extremely important.

Get Your Cholesterol Checked

The current guidelines recommend that everyone over the age of 20 should get their cholesterol checked at least once every five years. However, if you have a family history of high cholesterol, or you have been diagnosed with a chronic condition, such as diabetes or heart disease, you may consider checking your cholesterol more frequently. Once diagnosed, lifestyle modifications, and possibly medication, may lower your cholesterol. Even if you have not been diagnosed as having high cholesterol, there are many preventative measures that can be taken to reduce your cholesterol, as well as your risk for heart disease.

7/23/07

on flage or not?

Is My Period Normal?

From time to time, every women suspects that her menstrual cycle is abnormal for one reason or another. However, often what we think is an abnormal period is actually normal menstruation. How do you know when you're experiencing abnormal periods? What are the signs and symptoms of abnormal periods? You may be experiencing an abnormal period, abnormal uterine bleeding, or an abnormal menstrual cycle if...
  • your menstrual cycle is longer than 31 to 35 days apart, or less than two weeks from day one of your period to day one of your next period.

  • you need to change tampons or sanitary pads after only one or two hours.

  • your period lasts longer than 7 days.

  • you suddenly begin experiencing severe menstrual cramps. While it's normal to experience a small amount of cramping during your period and some women never experience cramps during menstruation, it's not normal to experience severe menstrual cramps.
  • If you suddenly begin having severe cramps you should be evaluated by your health care provider to determine the cause of the increased pain you experience during your period.

  • you see blood clots which are actually clots of tissue in your menstruation -- don't worry, this is a normal occurrence and is no cause for alarm. Blood clots such as these are perfectly normal because menstruation involves the shedding of the lining of the uterus.

  • you have recently experienced the onset of menstruation, don't worry if you skip periods or have irregular periods for the first few years. This is a normal process that most young ladies experience.

  • you're extremely active in sports activities, periods are often skipped for long periods of time. Nobody is sure why this occurs, but it's a normal occurrence for many women who regularly participate in intense sports or other activities.

  • you're a woman who is postmenopausal or younger than eleven should see a doctor immediately if you experience any amount of vaginal or uterine bleeding.

  • you are over 16 and haven't had a period yet. In this case your health care provider should be consulted to determine the cause. One possibility that you should be sure and ask about is polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS.
  • Things to Remember About Menstruation

    • Normal menstrual bleeding lasts about 5 days.
    • The normal amount of blood lost during menstruation is about 2 to 8 tablespoons, although it may seem like more than that.
    • The average menstrual cycle is 28 days from Day 1 to Day 1 of your period. However, anywhere from 25 to 31 days between periods is considered a normal menstrual cycle.

    The best thing to do when you suspect that you're experiencing abnormal bleeding or menstrual cycles is to consult with your health care provider.

7/22/07

sax abuse charges

Md. Judge Dismisses Sex-Abuse Charges

Clerk Is Unable To Find Suitable Translator In Time

Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, July 22, 2007; Page C05

A 7-year-old girl said she had been raped and repeatedly molested over the course of a year. Police in Montgomery County, acting on information from a relative, soon arrested a Liberian immigrant living in Gaithersburg. They marshaled witnesses and DNA evidence to prepare for trial.

What was missing -- for much of the nearly three years that followed -- was an interpreter fluent in the suspect's native language. A judge recently dropped the charges, not because she found that Mahamu Kanneh had been wrongly accused but because repeated delays in the case had, in her view, violated his right to a speedy trial.

This is one of the most difficult decisions I've had to make in a long time," Katherine D. Savage said from the bench Tuesday, noting that she was mindful of "the gravity of this case and the community's concern about offenses of this type."

Loretta E. Knight, the Circuit Court clerk responsible for finding interpreters, said her office searched exhaustively for a speaker of Vai, a tribal language spoken in West Africa. They contacted the Liberian Embassy, she said, and courts in all but three states. Linguists estimate that 100,000 people speak Vai, mostly in Liberia and Sierra Leone.

In arguing to save the case, Assistant State's Attorney Maura Lynch said that dismissing the indictment "after all the efforts the state has made to accommodate the defendant would be fundamentally unfair."

Prosecutors, who cannot refile the charges against Kanneh, are considering whether to appeal Savage's ruling. Kanneh was granted asylum in the United States, according to State's Attorney John McCarthy. A conviction could have led to deportation proceedings.

His attorney, Theresa Chernosky, declined to comment. Delays were compounded by a dispute about whether Kanneh required an interpreter at all.

In Montgomery and elsewhere, the proliferation of languages resulting from immigration is presenting courts with a novel challenge, legal and linguistics experts say. Rarely, however, does a court have such difficulty finding an interpreter that a criminal case must be dropped.

Court interpreters and linguists say a national database of court interpreters would help quickly locate people fluent in uncommon languages. "The burden of increased requests for rare languages makes it a necessity," said Nataly Kelly, author of a book on interpreting.

Knight said the county spent nearly $1 million on interpreters last year, 10 times the amount it spent in 2000. "It's a constant struggle, and it is extremely expensive," she said.

Kanneh was arrested in August 2004 after witnesses told police that he raped and repeatedly sexually molested the girl, a relative.

In a charging document, Detective Omar Hasan wrote that the girl "attempted to physically stop the behavior from the defendant, but was unsuccessful." Hasan wrote that Kanneh threatened the young girl "with not being able to leave the apartment unless she engaged in sexual behavior with the defendant."

Kanneh spent one night in jail and was released on a $10,000 bond with the restriction that he have no contact with minors. He later waived his right to a speedy trial -- in Maryland, defendants have a right to be tried within 180 days following an indictment -- because the defense wanted time to conduct its own analysis of DNA evidence. That waiver was effective only until the next trial date, Chernosky argued in court.

The trial date was extended repeatedly as the state and the defense argued over whether Kanneh needed an interpreter and whether he understood the legal proceedings. The state noted that Kanneh attended high school and community college in Montgomery and spoke to detectives in English. The defense insisted that he needed an interpreter to fully understand the proceedings.

The matter was resolved after a court-appointed psychiatrist who evaluated Kanneh recommended that an interpreter be appointed. Judges who handled subsequent hearings heeded that advice.

The first interpreter stormed out of the courtroom in tears because she found the facts of the case disturbing. A second interpreter was rejected for faulty work. After calling the Liberian Embassy and exhausting other avenues, the clerk's office contacted the administrator of the state's court interpreter program in Annapolis. He located a third Vai interpreter, but at the last minute, that person had to tend to a family emergency.

In recent weeks, court officials had found a suitable interpreter who could have assisted in the trial, but it was too late.

Earlier this month, Chernosky filed a motion seeking to have the indictment dismissed, arguing that Kanneh's right to a speedy trial had been violated. "This delay is just too long," she argued in court. "The reasons for the delay are not the defendant's fault."

With help from the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators, The Washington Post identified three Vai interpreters Thursday, including one in Gaithersburg. Lionbridge, a company that offers interpretation services, said it could provide Vai speakers on short notice. Knight said her office had been diligent. "It's these rare languages we're struggling with so much," she said.

In court, Savage attributed no blame for the delay. She called the prosecutor's efforts to help locate an interpreter "Herculean" and said the court system had learned from the case. "Time has become the enemy," the judge said.

Harry Potter

Peeking at Potter
 
Is it wrong to skip to the end of a book?

When a few media outlets published early reviews of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows this week, author J.K. Rowling protested that the articles contained spoilers. She declared herself "staggered that American newspapers have decided to … [ignore] the wishes of literally millions of readers, particularly children, who wanted to reach Harry's final destination by themselves, in their own time." Presumably, Rowling assumes that half the pleasure of reading a fat, event-filled tome lays in our uncertainty about how it will end. But not every boy-wizard devotee thrives on guesswork and anticipation. According to a poll of 500 children taken for the British bookstore chain Waterstone's, nearly one-fifth of Harry Potter fans will skip straight to the end of the final book in the series. Is there something wrong with sussing out an ending in advance?

Readers are, of course, free to experience books in any way they see fit. It's customary to read page by page, but there are no set rules. And as any Ian Fleming enthusiast can attest, knowing that 007 will eventually escape doesn't mean you feel cool and collected when he's fighting against a giant squid. Yet peeking seems unfair and, ultimately, counterproductive. Authors spend years crafting a story, agonizing over when and how to reveal that Pip's benefactor is really a criminal or that Voldemort is Harry's alter ego. If you skip, you thwart the author's intentions and cheat yourself of maximal enjoyment. Surely it's more fun to speculate about the outcome along the way, and then feel humbled, or exhilarated, or despondent when you realize you got it all wrong.

Peeking feels like cheating, but is there any evidence that flipping to the back of the book suggests dark things about your character? A professor of psychology at Smith College, Phil Peake, says page-skipping may relate to broader issues of impulse control. And according to at least one "delay of gratification" study, bad things come to those who can't wait. In the early 1970s, Harvard professor David Funder and UC Berkeley professors Jeanne Block and Jack Block conducted an experiment in which 116 4-year-old children were shown a wrapped present and told they could open it as soon as they completed a puzzle. The researchers helped the children with their task and then spent 90 seconds shuffling papers before telling the kids to open their present. After each go-round, the researchers calculated a "delay score"—a composite of how many times the child mentioned the gift while toiling away, how long it took the child to grab the gift after completing the puzzle, and whether or not the child unwrapped the gift immediately.

When independent examiners interviewed the kids seven years later, they found significant personality differences between the patient test subjects and the impatient ones. Using a "California Q-set," which consists of 100 character descriptions, the examiners reported that boys who had delayed gratification were "deliberative, attentive, and able to concentrate." Conversely, boys who had not delayed were "irritable, restless and fidgety, aggressive, and generally not self-controlled." Likewise, girls who had displayed restraint under laboratory conditions seemed "intelligent, resourceful, and competent," while those who had not "tended to go to pieces under stress, to be victimized by other children, and to be easily offended, sulky, and whiny."

The parallel between the "gift delay task" and Harry Potter reading habits isn't exact. For one thing, the test subjects knew they were waiting for something good, but J.K. Rowling fans worry that the seventh Harry Potter book will end with something bad—the death of Harry, or some other beloved character, or both. Still, both cases reveal how children regulate their impulses in the face of behavior-constraining norms.

So, it's not crazy to posit that peekers and page-by-pagers may represent two opposing personality types. Maybe the tenacious tots who read Harry Potter all the way through will show great self-restraint, competence, and resourcefulness later in life. And maybe when the peekers come of age they'll whine, sulk, fidget, and try to get ahead by taking shortcuts. To date, I've only heard one convincing reason to flip to the back, from another famous Harry. In When Harry Met Sally..., Harry says "I always read the last page first. That way in case I die before I finish, I know how it ends."

How Do I Love Thee?

How Do I Love Thee?

Poem lyrics of How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love with a passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death

7/17/07

Sex Abuse

Insurance for Sex Abuse
 
A policy tailor-made for the Catholic Church.
 

Over the weekend the Archdiocese of Los Angeles agreed to pay $660 million to settle lawsuits from hundreds of sex-abuse victims. About $250 million will come out of the diocese bank account; $60 million will come from other religious orders and another $123 million from litigation with orders that chose to sit out the deal. Insurance companies will pay the remaining $227 million. Hold on—can churches buy insurance for sex abuse?

Yes. Like any business, churches, synagogues, and other religious organizations purchase insurance to protect themselves from lawsuits, like discrimination claims or negligence charges against officers. Since the spike in sex-abuse lawsuits in the mid-1980s, churches have also had the option to take out extra liability policies for damages related to sexual misconduct. These policies don't come cheap, and they protect just the institutions, for the most part. Insurers will mount a legal defense for accused individuals, but the support extends only so far: Perpetrators are on their own if they're found guilty or choose to settle out of court.

But insurance companies created these abuse-specific policies only after the lawsuits of the mid-80s forced them to make large payouts. Until then, general liability policies didn't specifically rule out sex abuse, so churches that needed to pay damages argued that insurers should pay. Thus, even though sex-abuse insurance is available today, many of the big payouts actually come from the churches' general policies, since the abuse happened decades ago. (The Los Angeles settlement probably came out of these general policies.)

According to GuideOne, a major insurer for Protestant churches, most of its clients choose $100,000 of coverage for sex abuse. That might cost a small church with one pastor as little as $100 a year. A much larger church that also runs, say, a day-care center, might pay $6,000 to have $1 million in coverage. Religious organizations buying a lot of coverage may need to prove that they're taking precautions to lower the risk of sex abuse. GuideOne, for instance, requires some churches to conduct criminal background checks on employees, to allow volunteers to work with kids only after they've completed six months of service with the church, and to make sure that no child is ever left alone with just one adult. The policy won't cover everything. Insurers may put a limit on how much they will pay in aggregate, or for each case. (Recently, three major Protestant insurers reported that they receive 260 reports of child abuse every year.)

Partly because of rising insurance costs, a small number of churches are foregoing the coverage. More than half of Catholic dioceses buy their insurance from Catholic Mutual, which operates a self-insurance fund for the Catholic Church in North America. No matter who forks over the money for damages, awards today are so large that some dioceses are facing bankruptcy.

 

Fire and Ice

Fire And Ice

Poem lyrics of Fire And Ice by Robert Frost.

Some say the world will end in fire;
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To know that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

7/12/07

Pregnancy & Childbirth

Hazy Days of Summer

If you're like me you consider summer to be a pretty hot and uncomfortable time of year. I often look at my clients who are so very pregnant and due in the summer months with pity, because I know that pregnancy adds an extra burden to the usual summer heat.

Here are some things that you need to keep in mind during the summer while pregnant, no mater when you're due!

Hydration

Drinking water during pregnancy is very important because of the increased demands on your body. During the summer time it is even more important because even slight dehydration can cause severe problems like preterm labor.

Signs of Dehydration

  • Dizziness and light-headedness
  • Nausea and headaches
  • Muscle cramps
  • Increase in body temp (leads to heat exhaustion)

      Drink at least 2 liters of clear liquids, preferably water, a day. If you are outside you need at least eight ounces of water for every hour you are outside. Drink before you get thirsty, thirst can be a sign that you've waited too long.

      When dehydration occurs you lose part of your blood volume. This in turn increases the concentration of the normal amounts of oxytocin (hormone that causes contractions), therefore causing contractions. These contractions can lead to the premature birth of your baby.

      Swelling

      Swelling can be a normal physiologic part of pregnancy. You need to learn to tell the difference between this normal swelling, which usually increases in the summer, particularly if you are later in pregnancy.

      Normal swelling in pregnancy will go down after you have rested. It will not appear suddenly. Any swelling that appears suddenly, does not go away after rest (For example, you wake up swollen.), or is worrisome needs to be checked out by your practitioner.

      Normal swelling can be dealt with by salting your food to taste. This means you need to neither restrict salt completely or overdo it on the salt. Many people are not aware that too little salt will also cause swelling to occur.

      Rest with your feet up whenever possible. Remove your rings if they are tight, don't risk the pain and misery of having them cut off. Being in water will also help swelling, particularly water that is deeper, like shoulder length. This also works really well for women who have higher blood pressure.

      Sun

      Ah, what would summer be without the sun? During pregnancy it's best to avoid direct sunlight. If you are in the sun use a 30-45 SPF sun screen. Avoid restrictive clothes, because this can increase your discomfort and add to swelling problems. Try to go outside in the cooler parts of the sunshine, early morning and late afternoon, rather than high noon. Use common sense.

      Summer can be a great time of year to get out and enjoy your pregnancy. There are many activities that can still be done during pregnancy, and with a few simple precautions, there is no reason you shouldn't enjoy summer. Remember to watch out for warning signs of dehydration, problematic swelling, or other signs that you need to call your practitioner.

      When to Call Your Practitioner

    • Contractions or cramps, more than 5 in one hour
    • Bright red blood from your vagina
    • Swelling or puffiness of the face or hands, a sign of preeclampsia
    • Pain during urination, possible urinary tract, bladder or kidney infection
    • Sharp or prolonged pain in your stomach (preeclampsia signs)
    • Acute or continuous vomiting (preeclampsia signs)
    • Sudden gush of clear, watery fluid from your vagina
    • Low, dull backache
    • Intense pelvic pressure
    • 7/11/07

      Management of Adverse Reactions to Medications

      Drug Side Effects 
       
      Severe reactions to cephalosporins are much less common than with penicillins. However, there is a small chance that someone with a true penicillin allergy could also react to cephalosporins, since the drugs are related. An allergist may be able to help determine if these antibiotics are safe for you.
        3. Sulfonamides (including antibiotics, oral diabetes medications and some water pill diuretics). It is unclear whether these reactions are truly allergic or due to another immunologic process. There is no reliable test available to determine is a person is allergic to this class of medications.
        4. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), including aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. This class of medications can cause allergic and non-allergic flares of hives/swelling, worsen asthma, and result in anaphylaxis. There is no reliable test available for most people with reactions to these medications.
        5. IV Contrast/Dye. This reaction is non-allergic but can result in anaphylaxis because the high concentration of the dye causes mast cells to release their contents, which mimics an allergic reaction. While there is no test available for reactions to IV contrast, most patients can take the dye safely by taking oral steroids and anti-histamines hours before the contrast is given. The contrast is usually given in a less concentrated form to these patients. Let your doctor know if you've had a past reaction to IV contrast before receiving it again.
        6. Local Anesthetics. True allergic reactions to local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine) are extremely rare, and usually due to other ingredients in the medication, such as preservatives or epinephrine (present in the local anesthetic to make the medication last longer once it's injected). An allergist can perform testing to various local anesthetics and find one that works for almost everybody.
        7. General Anesthesia. Some medications used during surgery are very common causes of true allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. If you think you experienced an allergic reaction during or shortly after surgery, an allergist may be able to help determine the cause.
        8. Anti-Seizure Medications. Many medications used for treatment of epilepsy can cause non-allergic reactions as a result of certain enzyme deficiencies in the person taking the medication. Symptoms can include a rash, fever, body aches and hepatitis. There is no test available for this type of reaction.
         

        Management of Adverse Reactions to Medications

          1. Avoidance/Removal of the suspect medication. Most often, if a medication is causing a person to have an unpleasant reaction, the medication is stopped. Usually this is all that is needed to resolve the problem.
          2. Treatment of any allergic or non-allergic symptoms. If the reaction is severe, such as anaphylaxis, or in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, emergency treatment may be required.
          3. Consideration of testing by an allergist. An allergist may be able to help determine what medication caused the reaction and if there is testing that can be accomplished.
          4. Determination of a need for current or replacement medication. If the person still has an infection, for example, another antibiotic may be required.
          A physician can determine a safe alternative medication in this instance.
            5. Consideration of desensitization. In some unique cases, a very specific medication is needed. In most forms of true medication allergy, a person can be desensitized to the medication by giving very small amounts initially (orally or intravenously) with increasing doses over many hours. This is usually done in a hospital given the chance of life-threatening anaphylaxis, and should only be done under the supervision of an allergist.

      2 months

      Two Months


      The Washington Post leads with the growing divide between Republican lawmakers, as some continue to clamor for a change in Iraq, while others are standing behind the White House. The Wall Street Journal tops its worldwide newsbox with President Bush promising to veto any legislation that sets a date for withdrawal. Bush implored lawmakers to wait until the September progress report before passing any Iraq-related legislation. But there's an earlier report coming down the pipeline this week, and the Los Angeles Times leads with its own assessment of the overall Iraq strategy. Although the administration can point to some successes, it's unclear whether they're very meaningful or if they can even be sustained. Meanwhile, Iraq continues to be plagued by many of the same problems, and the chances that things could improve by September are slim at best.

      The New York Times leads with Dr. Richard Carmona, the surgeon general from 2002 until 2006, telling Congress that the Bush administration frequently tried to shape his public statements so that they would fit its political goals and prevented him from speaking out about several issues. Carmona has thus become the latest in a string (the WP has a good rundown) of officials who have said that political considerations take precedence over scientific facts at the Bush White House. USA Today leads with a look at how more states are providing discounts in college tuition for veterans, partly as a way to make up for severe deficiencies in the federal GI Bill. Some of it has to do with the increased number of National Guard troops that are being sent into battle, but also because often the money provided by the federal government is simply not enough. But as more state lawmakers are dealing with budgetary woes, some are considering cutting back.

      GOP leaders are counting on the fact that Democrats need 60 votes in order to get any legislation passed in the Senate, and the administration went into an all-hands-on-deck mode to try to prevent any more defectors. There are several amendments being discussed in the Senate, but the ones that have the greater chance of getting Republican support do not include a precise withdrawal date and give Bush greater flexibility. Meanwhile, lawmakers aren't the only ones defecting, as the LAT fronts a look at how the three Republican front-runners have been " quietly backing away" from supporting a continuation of the "surge.

      As more troops have moved into Baghdad neighborhoods, they continue to face a barrage of attacks and "have been unable to establish security, even for themselves," says the LAT. Iraqis who live in mixed neighborhoods continue to leave their homes in a massive scale. So, while the administration is likely to point to a decrease in sectarian violence in Baghdad, some suspect it is merely a sign that most neighborhoods have become segregated. And although Iraqis are moderately optimistic that U.S. troops could have some success against al-Qaida in Iraq, it's less clear whether they can be effective in creating political unity and economic opportunities, two factors that everyone says are crucial to bring about security.

      The LAT points out inside that Bush once again talked about the fight in Iraq as a battle against "the same people that attacked us on September the 11th." As any faithful TP reader should know by now, there's little evidence of a connection between al-Qaida in Iraq and Osama Bin Laden's terrorist network. In other Iraq news, everyone mentions what the NYT calls the "most intense mortar attack to date on the Green Zone" that killed three people , including an American service member, and wounded 18.

      Carmona said he was prevented from speaking out on several issues, including stem cells, sexual education, and prisoners' health care. On the issue of sexual education, Carmona said he wanted to discuss contraceptives, but he was blocked due to the focus on abstinence-only policies. Carmona was one of three former surgeon generals who testified yesterday, and although the three discussed some sort of political interference with their jobs, they all said it seems to have gotten worse under Bush.

      The NYT and WP front the big changes in Sen. John McCain's presidential campaign team as two of his top aides resigned. Despite McCain's insistence that he's still in the race, everyone says this brings further doubt to whether the man who was once considered a shoo-in for his party's nomination will be able to continue his campaign for much longer. The resignations came after several contentious meetings where McCain expressed bewilderment over the news that his campaign was in such poor financial shape. The NYT says McCain only realized the extent of the problem late last month .

      USAT fronts a blunt look at the massive problems that Bush will leave for whoever ends up taking his place. "I can't think of a single modern president about to bequeath to his successor such a difficult agenda and such a damaged presidency," says Paul Light of New York University.

      The WP goes inside with two Justice Department officials saying that Attorney General Alberto Gonzales didn't lie to Congress when he affirmed there hadn't been "one verified case of civil liberties abuse." Even though he knew of the reports that detailed how FBI officials had frequently overstepped their bounds, it turns out they weren't abuses because they weren't intentional.

      The LAT fronts news that the Chinese government executed the former head of its food and drug safety agency for taking bribes to approve medicines. Messages supporting the execution were quick to appear online in a show of what the LAT says is the average citizen's frustration with the lack of safety in national products.

      USAT reports that Springfield, Vt. (population: 9,300), was the winner of the competition to host the premiere of the Simpsons Movie that pitted 13 Springfields from across the country against each other. They each created a video to make the case for their town, and people voted online for their favorite.

      7/9/07

      Stress Management

      Preventive Stress Management

      We all know what it feels like to be overwhelmed by stress, and this site has many techniques that can effectively reduce high levels of stress to more manageable levels so you don't suffer negative health consequences. However, the best way to manage severe stress is to prevent it, or catch it while it's still low-grade stress and prevent it from becoming severe and chronic. This article contains some important suggestions that have also been recommended by the Mayo Clinic on how to manage stress day-by-day to prevent it from becoming overwhelming.

      • Relaxing –It's important to keep your mind and body relaxed. Meditation, prayer, having a creative outlet, listening to music and laughter all help.
        For other relaxation techniques, visit the Tension Tamers section.
      • Watch Your Body – Before you experience ulcers, heart disease and other major health problems from stress , your body will experience milder forms of discomfort, such as headaches, stomach upset and poor sleep. When you feel these early warning signs, start practicing your tension taming techniques and put a stop to low-grade chronic stress before it becomes a bigger problem.
      • Psysical Activity –Practicing martial arts, jogging, lifting weights, or even a short walk can improve mood and reduce feelings of stress by increasing endorphins, lowering cortisol levels, and providing many other benefits. Here are some of the best ways to reduce stress with exercise.
      • Eat Well --A healthy diet gives you the energy to handle daily stress, and keeps your blood sugar levels stable so you don't experience mood swings due to low blood sugar levels. Skipping meals and making poor food choices can contribute to fatigue, greater susceptibility to illness, greater feelings of stress, and a general feeling of poor health.
      • Setting Boundaries – Being overscheduled and rushed can be a significant cause of stress. By prioritizing your commitments and saying no to some tasks can help you be more successful with what you find to be really important, and you'll have extra time for additional stress management activities.
      • Maintain Social Support—Having a supportive network of friends can help you stay healthy and reduce stress in many ways. Friends can provide resources that you may need when you're in a bind, or a supportive ear that helps you feel accepted and understood. Studies show that having a sense of belonging can reduce your risk of depression. And having a friend who makes you laugh can also make you healthier and less stressed.
      • Find Fun Distractions Playing games, reading, watching movies and t.v. can all help you get your mind off of what's stressing you and onto something more pleasant. Sometimes this is just the break you need to stop a pattern of obsessing over your problems, and enable your body and mind to enter a relaxed state. When you come back to your stressors, they may not have the same powerful grip on you.
      • Keep a Positive Perspective --Throughout the day, stop and evaluate the endless stream of thoughts that run through your mind. If they're negative, try to reframe those thoughts in a positive way. (This isn't the same as pretending everything's great when it isn't, a form of denial that doesn't always help.) Using less negative language in your self-talk, looking for the hidden benefits as well as the obvious drawbacks of stressful situations, and reminding yourself that this, too, shall pass are all effective strategies in positive thinking that have helped many people.
      • Get Help If You Need It --If stress is affecting your ability to work or find pleasure in life, seek help from your doctor, mental health provider or other professional. There's no need to let stress overwhelm your life, and there are many effective forms of help available. Finding it could give you the life you want and deserve.
      Working toward implementing these practices into your daily routines can go a long way toward reducing stress in your life and leaving you healthier and happier. Take baby steps at first, and reward yourself for the progress you make, and in no time, these new practices will be old habits.

      Defector Prevention

      Defector Prevention Program

      The New York Times leads with the growing debate within the White House over whether President Bush should announce a plan to start gradually withdrawing troops from Iraq in order to avoid more Republicans from speaking up against the war. Although administration officials were hoping to avoid this kind of talk until the much-anticipated progress report in September, waiting no longer seems to be an option. "Sept. 15 now looks like an end point for debate, not a starting point," one official tells the paper. The Washington Post leads with an early look at a congressional report that says approximately one-quarter of the top positions at the Department of Homeland Security are unfilled. Congressional leaders worry that the vacancies mean the nation is vulnerable to threats, and they see it as another example of the management problems that have been plaguing the department since its inception.

      USA Today leads with the increasing number of attacks against supply convoys in Iraq, which are protected by private contractors. From the beginning of June 2006 until May of this year, there were 869 attacks, a large increase from the 281 in the previous 12 months. Meanwhile, the paper also notes the Pentagon is considering expanding the role of private contractors to include the security of military supply convoys in Iraq, a role currently carried out by U.S. troops. The Wall Street Journal tops its world-wide newsbox with word that the Bush administration is looking into ways that to formally end "more than 50 years of Cold War hostilities" between the United States and North Korea. U.S. officials have been meeting with regional leaders to try and figure out how a peace accord to officially mark the end of the Korean War could be implemented. The Los Angeles Times leads with a look at the local police in Mexico's small towns, who are often unprepared to fight against the country's drug traffickers. These "underarmed, under-prepared, and often corrupt" officials "are the Achilles' heel of President Felipe Calderon's" war against the traffickers.

      As four high-profile Republicans have recently expressed disagreement with the administration's Iraq policy, some are pressuring President Bush to avoid more public defections by announcing a plan for a gradual withdrawal of troops from some key areas in Iraq. And get ready for the new catchphrase as administration officials are apparently calling this a "post-surge redeployment." Defense Secretary Robert Gates canceled a planned trip in order to be present at the meetings this week. But as the NYT makes clear near the end of the story, all that Bush might have to do is come up with something that will eat up some time until early August, when Congress closes shop until September.



      As of May 1, the Department of Homeland Security had 138 unfilled positions out of its top 575, according to the congressional report. Homeland Security insists the high number of vacant slots has to do with a recent increase in positions, but critics say the department is overly dependent on contractors, and the unfilled jobs are contributing to the decline in morale among employees.

      The WP fronts word that several satellite photographs show there has been some digging in a mountainside in central Iran, which some are concerned could be an attempt by the government to move a chunk of its nuclear operations underground. Although no one can really be sure of their purpose, the nonprofit that provided the photos to the Post says the tunnels could provide "excellent protection from an aerial attack."

      The WP fronts, and the NYT goes inside with, a follow-up to the massive bombing in Amerli, which is 50 miles south of Kirkuk. Although no one has exact numbers of casualties, everyone's estimates are approaching 150, and the NYT has someone who says it was 155, which would officially make it the worst single bombing in the war (the March bombing in Tal Afar killed 152). In Amerli, "almost everyone seemed to have lost relatives or friends, if not entire families," says the Post. Meanwhile, the NYT notes American commanders admitted most of the insurgent leaders managed to escape Baquba, where U.S. troops have been carrying out operations.

      The LAT, NYT, and WP go inside with the continuing standoff at Pakistan's Lal Masjid, or Red Mosque. Officials have been holding off on raiding the mosque because they don't really know how many militants are inside or the number of people they are holding hostage. The militants are showing no signs of giving in, and the leader of the mosque made it clear he was prepared to die. Meanwhile, Pakistani officials said those inside the mosque are "terrorists, militants, who are wanted within, and outside, the country" and said they, and not the mosque's cleric, are in charge.

      As some Dow Jones board members continue looking for other potential bidders who could come close to matching Rupert Murdoch's $5 billion offer, the NYT points out that if the deal falls through, there will be "significant cuts in the [WSJ's] newsroom staff." Some executives say that if it weren't for Murdoch's bid, the staff would have already been trimmed.

      The LAT notes some in the military are concerned soldiers deployed in Iraq are eating too many fattening foods, which is resulting in weight gain and general health problems, such as high cholesterol.

      The NYT fronts a look at how a growing number of New York wineries are taking steps to keep away the people who "are looking more for a good time than a good wine." Many are forbidding tour buses and limos, while some have even started charging for tastings . "You'll pour a wine for a guy and he'll say, 'What, this is all I get? Fill it up,' " said a salesman at one of the vineyards. "I'll tell him, 'Sir, this is a wine tasting, not a bar.'

      Heart Attack & Heavy" Drinking

      Heavy Drinking Increases Risk After Heart Attack

      Even moderately heavy drinking is bad after myocardial infarction

      By DrRich

      Several studies have indicated that light usage of alcohol (one or two drinks per day) may help protect against cardiac disease. However, because alcohol causes so many medical problems, and because for many people it is difficult to limit alcohol to light usage, it is the position of the American Heart Association (a position DrRich endorses) that people who don't drink should not take up alcohol in order to benefit the heart. Click here to read a brief summary of the potential cardiac benefits of light alcohol usage, and the AHA policy on "ask, but don't tell."

      Now new evidence has come to light that ought to raise even more cautionary flags. Researchers from Boston studied 1835 patients admitted to the hospital with heart attacks, and recorded the amount and frequency of their alcohol consumption for the year prior to their heart attack.

      Specifically, they recorded whether patients consumed at least 3 drinks within a two-hour period during the past year - which they defined as "binge drinking."

      After their heart attacks, patients who had done any binge drinking during the previous year had a death rate that was 73% higher than patients who did not do any binge drinking. Even occasional binge drinking - as they defined that term in this study - increased the risk of death. The type of alcohol consumed - beer, wine, and/or liquor - did not make any difference. The researchers found that, on average, patients who reported any binge drinking were relatively heavy drinkers overall - they drank an average of three beers a day.

      Even if you believe the substantial body of data suggesting that a drink a day can be cardioprotective, this new information has to be, well, sobering. While a little alcohol can be moderately beneficial, a little more alcohol can be very, very bad. The AHA's policy of not encouraging patients to drink "a little" seems even more correct now than it might have before this study was reported.

      Fibrocystic Breasts

      Lumps, Bumps, and Pain

      Thirty-three percent of all women between the ages of 30 and 50, and 50 percent of women of all ages, may at some point, be told by their physician that they have fibrocystic breast disease or other benign breast conditions. Other terms women may hear include benign breast disease, chronic mastitis (inflammation), and mammary dysplasia.

      What is Fibrocystic Breast Disease?

      Controversy exists about the name - fibrocystic breast disease. Some argue that fibrocystic breast disease is not a disease, but a common and harmless condition experienced by women as they encounter hormonal changes during their menstrual cycles.

      Others argue that fibrocystic breast changes are a precursor for future breast cancer. Current research suggests that women with fibrocystic breast disease or other benign breast conditions are more likely to develop breast cancer later only if a breast biopsy shows "atypia" or abnormal breast cells.

      Most women with fibrocystic breasts will not show atypia when a breast biopsy is performed.

      Fibrocystic breast disease is common and usually benign condition. Symptoms include swollen, tender breasts, and/or one or more lumps. Frequently, symptoms worsen just before a woman's menstrual cycle, subsiding near the end. For the majority of women these symptoms are a temporary discomfort, however some women experience severe pain.

      Fibrocystic breast disease may affect one or both breasts. Women often discover the existence of this condition when, during their monthly breast self-exam, they detect a lump. As frightening as discovering a lump in your breast is it's important to remember that most breast lumps are not breast cancer. However, all breasts lumps must be investigated to rule out breast cancer and/or to begin immediate treatment if breast cancer is diagnosed.

      What to Do When You Find a Lump in Your Breast

      Call your physician to schedule an appointment and ask yourself the following questions:
      • What is the date of your last period?
      • When did you discover the lump?
      • Is there a family history of breast problems?
      • Have you had any previous breast problems?
      • Have you had a previous breast biopsy or other breast surgery?
      • How does the lump feel? Is it hard or soft? Does it feel grainy?
      • How big is the lump and has is grown larger or smaller since you discovered it?
      • Do you have any nipple discharge?
      • Are you taking any medications?

      See: Understanding Benign Breast Changes

      Diagnostic Methods

      Your physician will examine your breasts, manually, to determine which, if any, diagnostic tools to use for further evaluation of your breast lump. These diagnostic tools include mammography, ultrasound, needle aspiration, and biopsy.

      Steps to Reduce and/or Eliminate Symptoms Naturally

      One of the most important dietary changes you can make to prevent or reduce the symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease is eliminating all forms of cafeine-containing foods from your diet. This includes foods such as chocolate, sodas, and coffee and tea. Reducing sugar may also help reduce overall symptoms.

      Decrease sources of estrogen from your diet such as commercially raised meats which contain excessive amounts of hormones that can exasperate your symptoms. And don't forget pharmaceutical sources of estrogen such as birth control pills that can worsen symptoms of benign breast conditions.

      According to Dr. John Lee's book, "What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Premenopause," natural progesterone cream applied at a dose of "15 to 20 mg per day from ovulation until a day or two before your period returns will usually result in a return to normal breast tissue in three to four months." Dr. Lee further advises that once the desired results have been obtained that you should taper your dose of natural progesterone down until you have reached the minimum dosage required for you to maintain your results.

      Dr. Lee and others, also recommend the use of Vitamin E, in doses ranging from 400 IU to 600 IU per day, to reduce symptoms associated with fibrocystic breast changes. Other vitamin suggestions include Vitamin B6, a B complex, and magnesium.

      If you have tried everything and still find yourself suffering with unbearably painful breasts, some physicians recommend that women who experience severe discomfort may find relief by wearing a good support bra during intolerable episodes.

      Boeing 787 Dreamliner


      Boeing 787 Dreamliner Will Provide New Solutions for Airlines, Passengers

      Extract: Boeing

      Responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes' new airplane is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a super-efficient airplane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett facility near Seattle, Wash.

      Unparalleled Performance

      The 787-8 Dreamliner will carry 210 - 250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 787-9 Dreamliner will carry 250 - 290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers). A third 787 family member, the 787-3 Dreamliner, will accommodate 290 - 330 passengers and be optimized for routes of 2,500 to 3,050 nautical miles (4,600 to 5,650 kilometers).

      In addition to bringing big-jet ranges to mid-size airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than today's similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to today's fastest wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will enjoy more cargo revenue capacity.

      Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience.

      Advanced Technology

      The key to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team.

      Boeing has announced that as much as 50 percent of the primary structure -- including the fuselage and wing -- on the 787 will be made of composite materials.

      An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787's systems, which will be more simplified than today's airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating health-monitoring systems that will allow the airplane to self-monitor and report maintenance requirements to ground-based computer systems.

      Boeing has selected General Electric and Rolls-Royce to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advances in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly two-generation jump in technology for the middle of the market.

      Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a one-piece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 aluminum sheets and 40,000 - 50,000 fasteners.

      Continuing Progress

      The Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. Program launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from All-Nippon Airways. Since that time, 45 customers have placed orders for 584 airplanes from six continents of the world, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeing's history.

      The program has signed on 43 of the world's most capable top-tier supplier partners and together finalized the airplane's configuration in September 2005. These partners have started detailed design and, with Boeing, are connected virtually at 135 sites around the world to work toward major assembly in 2006. Eleven partners from around the world started facility construction for a total of 3 million additional square feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market.

      The 787 program will open its final assembly plant in Everett in 2007. First flight is expected in 2007 with certification, delivery and entry into service occurring in 2008.

      7/8/07

      Alone - Edgar Allan Poe

      Alone

      Poem lyrics of Alone by Edgar Allan Poe.

      From childhood's hour I have not been
      As others were; I have not seen
      As others saw; I could not bring
      My passions from a common spring.
      From the same source I have not taken
      My sorrow; I could not awaken
      My heart to joy at the same tone;
      And all I loved, I loved alone.
      Then - in my childhood, in the dawn
      Of a most stormy life - was drawn
      From every depth of good and ill
      The mystery which binds me still:
      From the torrent, or the fountain,
      From the red cliff of the mountain,
      From the sun that round me rolled
      In its autumn tint of gold,
      From the lightning in the sky
      As it passed me flying by,
      From the thunder and the storm,
      And the cloud that took the form
      (When the rest of Heaven was blue)
      Of a demon in my view.

      Happiness and Life Satisfaction

      Top 5 Changes You Can Make for Increased Happiness and Life Satisfaction

      We all want to be happy, and often we strive for that new car, bigger house, or promotion at work in order to find the elusive goal of a happy and satisfied life. However, often the car or house or new position come, but doesn't bring the happiness we expected. The following goals and changes can be relatively easily attained and can bring increased and lasting happiness. Now is the time to start incorporating them into your life!

      1. Find More Time For Yourself

      The feeling of not having enough freedom to pursue quality time with our families, revitalizing solitary activities, or other things that would nurture us can leave us feeling stressed and unhappy. If you would like to increase your level of happiness and life satisfaction this year, one of the best changes you can make is to find more time in your schedule for a life that reflects what you'd really like to be doing. These steps can help.

      2. Make Smart Money Choices

      Many people think they'll be happier if they can just get their hands on more money. However, once beyond the poverty level, more money doesn't usually bring more happiness, because with increased means often come increased desires. A more helpful solution is to make the money you already have to feel a greater sense of freedom and satisfaction in life. These tips can show you how to make the most of your current financial situation.

      3. Take Care of Your Body

      f your health fails, it can overshadow everything else that's going on in your life. From major health problems to minor aches and pains, health can really impact happiness and stress levels. Making a commitment to taking on healthier habits this year can have a far-reaching payoff: you'll feel better in everything you do. Here are a few healthy habits that carry a big impact.

      4. Adopt Stress Relievers That Work For You

      There are many things that contribute to a happy and satisfied feeling about life, but excess stress can put a damper on even the best conditions. If you're in a state of chronic stress, it's much more difficult to enjoy life. Find some stress relievers you can use and you will feel more at peace when things get hectic.

      5. Get Involved In A Cause That You Believe In

      People are generally happier when they're living a life of meaning. And while you may not be able to cast off all of your worldly posessions in search of the true meaning of life, you can get involved in a cause that's important to you with minimal time, effort or cost. And even though you can get tax breaks, new friends or a cleaner house out of the deal, what you find in the way of life satisfaction will be the real reward. While you'll be helping others, you will truly receive more than you give. Why not start now?

      7/7/07

      Breast Changes

      Understanding Benign Breast Changes


      Over her lifetime, a woman can encounter a broad variety of breast conditions. These include normal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle as well as several types of benign lumps. What they have in common is that they are not cancer. Even for breast lumps that require a biopsy, some 80 percent prove to be benign.

      Each breast has 15 to 20 sections, called lobes, each with many smaller lobules. The lobules end in dozens of tiny bulbs that can produce milk. Lobes, lobules, and bulbs are all linked by thin tubes called ducts. These ducts lead to the nipple, which is centered in a dark area of skin called the areola. The spaces between the lobules and ducts are filled with fat. There are no muscles in the breast, but muscles lie under each breast and cover the ribs. These normal features can sometimes make the breasts feel lumpy, especially in women who are thin or who have small breasts.

      In addition, from the time a girl begins to menstruate, her breasts undergo regular changes each month.

      Many doctors believe that nearly all breasts develop some lasting changes, beginning when the woman is about 30 years old. Eventually, about half of all women will experience symptoms such as lumps, pain, or nipple discharge. Generally these disappear with menopause.

      Some studies show that the chances of developing benign breast changes are higher for a woman who has never had children, has irregular menstrual cycles, or has a family history of breast cancer. Benign breast conditions are less common among women who take birth control pills or who are overweight. Because they generally involve the glandular tissues of the breast, benign breast conditions are more of a problem for women of child-bearing age, who have more glandular breasts.

      7/5/07

      A rigid question about parents and their kids

      When should we stop being naked in front of our kids?

      I was born in the US but my parents are Swedish and we had a family bed for many years, and no discomfort with nudity. I feel like my comfort with sex came from the way I was raised, never to feel ashamed or embarrassed about my body.

      I'm now a mother myself (of a 6-year-old boy) and my partner was raised in a very different kind of house, where no one was ever naked in front of each other and doors were closed all the time. She's never been as comfortable as I am with nudity and feels like now that our son is getting older, it isn't appropriate for us to be naked in front of him anymore. I think this is ridiculous, but am wondering if there is an age when you're supposed to stop being naked in front of your kids?

      This is a great question, and I'm surprised how often it comes up when I'm talking with new parents about sexuality. Parental nudity can be a controversial subject to raise. There will always be people who incorrectly confuse nudity with sexuality and think that what you're talking about is sexual activity in a family. Obviously this is not what you're asking about, and it isn't what I'm addressing.

      Maybe one of the reasons it remains controversial is that there is a huge divide between the theory and the research on this subject. You don't have to go far to find "parenting experts" and theorists who believe that it is wrong to be naked in front of your kids, and that family nudity can lead to all sorts of problems. And, as you've described, people often feel strongly about this based on their own experiences.

      On the other hand, research doesn't support the idea that nudity leads to problems. While there hasn't been very much research on this topic, and most of it relies on adults remembering their childhood experiences, overall the research doesn't point to any grand negative impact of parental nudity in the home.

      So how does a parent decide what to do, and when to change a family practice like allowing nudity in the home?

      There is no one way to deal with the situation. But here are some points to consider in thinking about the issues involved:

      Be genuine.
      Don't force yourself to be more open or closed than you actually feel. If you're raising children with a partner you'll need to negotiate this, but you don't have to feel or act the same way. But if you betray your own feelings and force a behavior on yourself your children will subtly pick up on this, and the last thing you want to be teaching your kids is to mistrust their own judgment and boundaries.

      Be consistent.
      Don't feel pressured into acting a certain way because you think it's the "right" thing to do. Research indicates there aren't any right and wrong answers here. If you're comfortable with nudity that's great. If you're not, then establish where and when you want privacy. What's important is that you are consistent in the way you model behavior for your kids.

      Be able to explain your feelings and actions without judgment.
      Regardless of what you do, if your children ask you about it, you should be able to respond without being judgmental. For example, if they ask why you always keep your door closed, or why they're not allowed to come into the bathroom when you're getting ready, you should be able to explain why without making them feel badly about their body and without being negative about your body. Saying "because it's not right" is sending a vague and judgmental message about your body and by extension, about all bodies. Saying "I close the door because it's private time for me" is a very different way of explaining a boundary without resorting to judgment. If your child asks why you walk around your bedroom naked when he knows that doesn't happen in his friends' homes, you should be able to explain your beliefs without putting down how nudity is dealt with in other homes.

      Use difference as a positive, not a negative.
      If you're raising your children with a partner and your partner doesn't feel the way you do about nudity, don't force a single solution. It's okay for each of you to behave in a way that feels right as long as you can each explain your feelings. This approach offers your children the opportunity to see that nudity can be handled in many ways, and not one way is correct.

      Pay attention and check in with your pre-teen and teenage children.
      If your comfortable with nudity in the home, but aren't sure if there is an age when it should stop, it is likely that your children will let you know when they want something to change. But they might not be comfortable saying something direct, so pay attention to your children and how they are reacting to your nudity. If they start spending more time in their room with their door closed, encourage them to know that's okay, but also talk to them about what's going on. Don't force them to talk, but make sure they know you're available and open to discussion. You may also want to offer that you can keep your door closed if that would make them more comfortable (or you may not want to offer this option, depending on your beliefs).

      Take advantage of these opportunities to talk about bodies and sex.
      Even though nudity isn't the same thing as sex, in our culture the two are strongly equated. Talking about being naked opens up the opportunity to see if your children have any questions about sex. You never want to push your kids to talk to you about sex, but this may be one more chance to let them know that if they have questions, you're open to answering them.

      7/4/07

      Premature Labor

      Preterm Labor Signs and Symptoms

      Premature labor, also known as preterm labor, is a very serious complication of pregnancy. This is defined as labor that begins prior to 37 weeks gestation. Unfortunately, many women do not understand the signs of premature labor. Early detection can help prevent premature birth and possibly enable you to carry your pregnancy to term or to give your baby a better chance of survival.

      Signs of Premature Labor

      Call your practitioner if you have any of the following:

      • Contractions or cramps, more than 5 in one hour
      • Bright red blood from your vagina
      • Swelling or puffiness of the face or hands, a sign of preeclampsia
      • Pain during urination, possible urinary tract, bladder or kidney infection
      • Sharp or prolonged pain in your stomach (preeclampsia signs)
      • Acute or continuous vomiting (preeclampsia signs)
      • Sudden gush of clear, watery fluid from your vagina
      • Low, dull backache
      • Intense pelvic pressure

      Prevention of Preterm Labor

      While not all cases of preterm labor can be prevented there are a lot of women who will have contractions that can be prevented by simple measures.

      One of the first things that your practitioner will tell you to do if you are having contractions is staying very well hydrated.


      Signs of Premature Labor


      We definitely see the preterm labor rates go up in the summer months. What happens with dehydration is that the blood volume decreases, therefore increasing the concentration of oxytocin (hormone that causes uterine contractions) to rise. Hydrating yourself will increase the blood volume.

      Others things that you can do would be to pay attention to signs and symptoms of infections (bladder, yeast, etc.) because they can also cause infections. Keeping all of your appointments with your practitioner and calling whenever you have questions or symptoms. A lot of women are afraid of "crying wolf," but it is much better to be incorrect than to be in preterm labor and not being treated.

      Management of Preterm Labor

      There are a lot of variables to managing preterm labor, both in medical options and in terms of what is going on with you and/or your baby. Here are some of the things that you may deal with when in preterm labor.

      • Hydration (Oral or IV)
      • Bedrest (Home or Hospital), usually left side lying
      • Medications to stop labor (Magnesium sulfate, brethine, terbutaline, etc.)
      • Medication to help prevent infection (More likely if your membranes have ruptured or if the contractions are caused by infection)
      • Evaluation of your baby (Biophysical profile, non-stress or stress tests, amniotic fluid volume index (AFI), ultrasound, etc.[/link])
      • Medications to help your baby's lung develop more quickly (Usually if preterm birth in inevitable)

      Preparation for preterm birth

      The best key is always prevention and early detection. Make sure to ask your practitioner to discuss the signs and symptoms of preterm labor to you and your partner at your next visit.

      7/3/07

      Prison

       Break


      All the papers lead with President Bush commuting Scooter Libby's 30-month prison sentence. Vice President Cheney's former chief of staff won't have to serve a day in prison but his conviction for perjury and obstruction of justice in the CIA leak case still stands, which means he has to pay the $250,000 fine and will be on probation for two years. The president made his announcement after a group of judges denied Libby's request to stay out of prison while he appealed. In a written statement, Bush said he respects "the jury's verdict" but characterized the prison sentence as "excessive."

      USA Today notes up high that Libby never filed a formal request and Bush didn't discuss the commutation with the Justice Department. In fact, many Justice officials were already on their way out of the office when they got the news on their Blackberries . "They were floored," says the New York Times. By all accounts, Bush appears to have come to the decision mostly on his own and consulted few of his close advisers, says the Washington Post in a separate Page One piece. In pursuing the strategy the president may have been trying to avoid the accusation that he had succumbed to political pressure. Both the NYT and WP point out that it's unclear what kind of role Cheney played in the process. The Wall Street Journal says the decision could affect Republican presidential candidates who may find themselves in the position of having to "defend the commutation for the remainder of the campaign." The Los Angeles Times notes that while the decision can't be overturned, "It can be criticized … and Democrats were quick to do so."

      Everyone quotes Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid saying that Libby's conviction "was the one faint glimmer of accountability for White House efforts to manipulate intelligence." And proving that lawmakers can drop pop culture references like the best of them, Sen. Richard Durbin of Illinois noted that "even Paris Hilton had to go to jail." Several Democratic presidential candidates joined in and also criticized the decision. For their part, conservatives were mostly pleased, although some expressed disappointment that Bush didn't issue a full pardon. But, as several note, Bush could still do that at a later date.


      Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald issued a statement disputing Bush's characterization of the sentence as excessive saying that "an experienced federal judge … imposed a sentence consistent with the applicable laws." The Post quotes a law professor who calls the commutation " hypocritical" since Bush's Justice Department often argues against attempts by judges and lawyers to give lower sentences than those outlined by federal guidelines.

      The NYT quotes from Justice Department standards that say "requests for commutation generally are not accepted unless and until a person has begun serving that sentence." But, of course, the president has wide latitude in these matters.

      Everyone points out, as was often talked about in the will-he-or-won't-he days, Bush seems to have come to the conclusion that he didn't have much to lose by commuting Libby's sentence. Those who criticize the decision are not fans of the president, so he may have decided that he needed to appeal to the base, especially after their widespread anger over the immigration bill .

      Several of the editorial pages weigh in and they aren't too happy with the decision. The WP agrees with the president that Libby's sentence was excessive, "but reducing the sentence to no prison time at all … is not defensible." The NYT is more critical and says the commutation "only underscored the way this president is tough on crime when it's committed by common folk." The WSJ calls Bush's statement "another profile in non-courage" and says "Libby deserved better from the president whose policies he tried to defend when others were running for cover."

      The NYT, LAT, and WP front the latest in the attempted bombings in London and Glasgow, where a pattern seems to be emerging as authorities are focusing on foreign-born doctors. As many as five of the eight people in custody are either doctors or in medical school, say the WP and NYT. Notably, they're also from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. The investigation has even extended to Australia, where authorities arrested a foreign doctor. The WSJ points out officials are investigating links between this plot and a British terrorist investigation known as " Operation Rhyme," where there were plans to blow up buildings using limousines.

      In a Page One piece, the WP says that officials think the next attack in the United States is likely to follow the same pattern as the failed car bombs, where people with little training, no experience, and scant connection to al-Qaida carry out simultaneous attacks. The Post talks to an analyst who disagrees with the characterization of the attackers as amateurs simply because they couldn't ignite the bombs, "of all the al-Qaida plots we've seen, their sophistication is in their simplicity."

      The NYT fronts, and the rest of the papers go inside with, a U.S. military spokesman accusing Iranian security forces of using Hezbollah as a "proxy" to train Iraqi Shiite militias and added that Iran's leadership knows about this. The general said Iran's agents helped plan an attack in January where five U.S. soldiers were killed.

      The WSJ fronts word that Defense Secretary Robert Gates is working on getting bipartisan support for a plan to withdraw a "significant" number of troops from Iraq, in exchange for a commitment to keep a long-term presence in the country. The main question now is how long the "surge" will last, as there are fears that if a change of strategy isn't announced soon Congress could force a withdrawal that would create chaos in the region.

      The WP and NYT front Sen. John McCain's presidential campaign handing out pink slips as it has failed to turn around its money problems and only has $2 million in the bank. McCain's advisers blamed the immigration bill, and noted that the senator might accept public funds for the primary.

      Everyone fronts the death of Beverly Sills, the all-American opera singer who became popular even among those who had no interest in the genre. She was 78.

      Your Power Point really made me think … Next time your boss chastises you for yawning at another interminable meeting, make sure you defend yourself against charges that you're bored. The NYT reports that a new study shows yawning regulates brain temperature, and helps the yawner stay alert since "a cooler brain … is a clearer brain."



      ANGELINA JOLIE BIOGRAPHY

      ANGELINA JOLIE (whole life)


      While most Hollywood stars do everything they can to appear cool, professional and squeaky-clean, diligently concealing all their nasty little secrets, Angelina Jolie appears wholly unconcerned by controversy. Ever-keen to talk about her breakdowns, her disorders, her fantasies and her world-famous penchant for S&M, many would say she's built a career on titillating public confession. But she's also an increasingly fine and award-winning performer, her Oscar for Girl, Interrupted being only the first in a string of prestigious honours. Onscreen, as in bed, she is a risk-taker, and perhaps deserves to be seen as the spiritual sister of such greats as Streep, Pfeiffer and Lange. Beyond this, her international efforts on behalf of children and refugees have made her the most public-minded superstar since Audrey Hepburn.

      She was born Angelina Jolie Voight in Los Angeles, on June 4th, 1975 - her name meaning Pretty Little Angel. Her father, Jon, was already an established superstar, having topped the bill in such classics as Midnight Cowboy and Deliverance. When Angelina was 2, he'd scoop the Best Actor Oscar for Coming Home. By then though, he'd already split from her mother, the part-Iroquois actress and model Marcheline Bertrand (now Angelina'smanager), who'd moved with Angelina and her brother James to the East Coast - to the Palisades, New York, to be more precise.

      Living here, Jolie was a happy child. She collected snakes and lizards - her favourite lizard being named Vladimir, and her favourite snake Harry Dean Stanton - and, oddly, like many females of her age, she had a major crush on Mr Spock. She would wear glittery clothing, including sparkly underwear, and flounce around, already performing, keen to make people laugh, to make them like her. She was a member of the Kissy Girls, who hunted boys down and kiss them till they screamed - until the school was forced to call the parents and the gang broke up. Marcheline would take the kids to the movies often, and Jolie claims this is where she got the notion to be an actress - not from her uncle, Chip Taylor (an actor and composer), not from her godmother Jacqueline Bisset, and definitely NOT from her father, though at age 7 she did appear in Lookin' To Get Out, a movie about inveterate gamblers, co-written by and starring Jon Voight.

      When Jolie was 11, her mother moved the family back to Los Angeles. They had already moved often, making the young girl feel constantly uprooted "I always dreamed", she says "of having an attic of things that I could go back up and look at". Now Angelina decided she wanted to act and, as ever jumping in at the deep end, enrolled at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, where she trained for two years, appearing in several stage productions. As a pupil at Beverly Hills High School, she was not alone in her cinematic ambitions. But she certainly FELT alone in the midst of all those good-looking, pampered children, children who teased her mercilessly for wearing braces and glasses and being so painfully skinny. Unlike the other parents, Marcheline was not rich - so Angelina also had to seek her clothes at thrift stores like Aardvark. Her confidence received a further battering when her attempts at modelling proved fruitless. She never got picked - too short, too thin, too fat, too scarred.

      Scarred - yes. Perhaps it was the many moves, maybe it was to do with her father, a lonely, detached figure who did not want to live with his family (Angelina always feared she would be like that herself). Maybe it was the relative poverty, or the taunting, or the way she felt that -with her big eyes, big lips, big everything - she looked like a muppet. But Angelina had come to hate herself, to feel absolutely worthless. She felt unworthy, didn't like to be touched (she still has this problem sometimes). So, like too many young girls, she started to cut herself. At 14, she dropped out of acting classes and began an existence of fast-living and active self-loathing. She wore black, dyed her hair purple and went out slam-dancing with her live-in punk boyfriend. They experimented heavily in S&M, Angelina once asking him to draw a blade along her jawline (the scar is now faint, but still there).

      At 16, her relationship ended. She moved to an apartment opposite her mother and went back to theatre. Now committed to acting, her first role was, unsurprisingly, as a German dominatrix. She began to learn from her father, noticed how he would watch people, talk to them, become like them. She stopped fighting with him so much too, realising that they were both "drama queens". For his part, Voight noticed her talent, being moved to tears by her reading of the part of Catherine in A View From The Bridge.

      With the braces and glasses gone, she became a model too, working in Los Angeles, New York and London. She also appeared in the video for Meat Loaf's Rock'n'Roll Dreams Come Through - she'd later turn up in promos for Lenny Kravitz, Lemonheads and The Rolling Stones. Her confidence rose, though it would often plummet back down. She tells a story of how once she was so down she actually tried to hire a man to kill her. Being a compassionate sort of assassin, he told her to think about it for a month. Obviously, she didn't call him back.

      Jolie had appeared in five of her brother's student films, made while he attended the USC School of Cinema (he was now known as James Haven), but her movie career proper began in 1993, when she starred as Casella "Cash" Reese, alongside Elias Koteas and Jack Palance in Cyborg 2. Here, a near-human robot-thing, she was designed to seduce her way into the HQ of her creators' rivals and blow up. Already, her sexual charisma had been noted. Next came Hackers, where she met her first husband, Jonny Lee Miller, then riding high after his performance as Sick Boy in Trainspotting. Miller played a computer whizz-kid on the wrong side of the law, trying to save the world from a swine intent upon unleashing a vicious virus, while being pursued by the Secret Service. Jolie was Acid Burn, one of his team.

      The pair fell for each other big-time and were married, Jolie possibly looking for some kind of stability in her life. Now began her explicit openness in the press, as she told lurid tales of their sexual exploits. "You're young, you're drunk, you're in bed, you have knives; shit happens", she said jokingly. It was also announced that, when getting married, Jolie had worn black leather pants and a white shirt with Miller's name scrawled across the back in her own blood (well, who else's blood would she use?). In interviews, Jolie explained that her interest in blood and death was of long standing. She not only collected knives, she said, but had a fascination with mortuary science and, as a child, had dreamed of becoming a funeral director. Less Maude than Harold, then.

      Now the roles started coming fast and thick. Jolie starred with David Duchovny in the nasty, stylish thriller Playing God (she'd later date her other co-star, Timothy Hutton). Then, in the road-movie Mojave Moon, she was a youngster, named Eleanor Rigby, who falls for Danny Aiello, while he takes a shine to her mother, Anne Archer. In Foxfire, she was one of a group of teenage girls who kill a teacher who harasses them, then gradually go wholly out-of-control. Directed by Annette Haywood-Carter, this was very much a girl-thing, as was Jolie's next release, the TV movie True Women, a Herstorical romantic drama set in the West, based on the book by Janice Woods Windle.

      As a child, Jolie had always been encouraged to express her feelings, and now it really began to work for her. In biopic George Wallace, she played the wife of the segregationist Governor of Alabama who was shot and paralysed while running for President. This starred Gary Sinise and was directed by John Frankenheimer, but she more than held her own, picking up a Golden Globe and an Emmy nomination. Next came Gia, another biopic, this time of Gia Carangi, a lesbian supermodel from the Seventies. This was crammed with sex, drugs and fearsome emotional drama, as Carangi crashed, burned and was eventually taken by AIDS. For the second consecutive year, Jolie won a Golden Globe, and was nominated for an Emmy. At the Golden Globes, by way of celebration, she jumped into a swimming-pool, clad in a hand-beaded Randolph Duke gown.

      The emotional extravagance of these parts, added to her own confusion and pain, made living with Jolie an impossibility. She was breaking down and Miller could take no more. The couple split, Jolie living alone in Manhattan, getting her head together, and attending film classes at NYU. Now notorious for her candid quotes, her name stayed in the papers. The sexuality of Gia had got tongues wagging, and Jolie had made them wag some more by admitting to bi-sexuality, and a relationship with actress Jenny Shimizu.

      Now came the comedy-drama Pushing Tin, about two air traffic controllers who engage in macho conflict. John Cusack was one, the other was Billy Bob Thornton, acclaimed director, writer and star of Sling Blade. Jolie played Thornton's wife, an extremely sexy sort who sends the guys crazy and sleeps with Cusack. The film was excellent. More importantly for Jolie, she fell for Thornton, 15 years her senior, who proceeded to dump his longtime girlfriend Laura Dern. The pair became infamous for their salacious quotes, Thornton admitting that he liked to wear Jolie's underwear, even to work, as it made him feel close to her. Actually, their quotes were often rude, but clearly loving.

      Jolie was about to become a huge star. Winona Ryder has claimed that her character in Girl, Interrupted could have been her as a young girl. But Jolie's character, Lisa Rowe - insanely ebullient then horribly depressed, hating but needing some form of structure to her life, even an institution - really WAS Jolie. Stealing the show entirely, she won the Oscar, and herein lies a sweet tale. At the time filming Original Sin down in Mexico, Jolie flew to the Oscar ceremony (she'd attended before, age 12 and all glammed up in lace and pearls, with her dad), won, then flew straight back, arriving at 4.30 am and going straight to sleep. Suddenly, she was awoken by a mariachi band, hired by co-star Antonio Banderas and director Michael Cristofer. Stumbling from her trailer, she was handed a single rose by every member of the crew, many of whom, along with Cristofer, had worked on Gia and, remembering her at her lowest ebb, wished to recognise this moment of triumph. In the press, meanwhile, her victory was quickly overshadowed by freakish reports that she was having an affair with her own brother. They must have assumed she'd try anything once. This is a big part of the Jolie phenomenon - she has a searing reputation for being sexually voracious and promiscuous, yet says she's slept with only a tiny handful of people.

      After Girl, Interrupted came the psycho-thriller The Bone Collector, where she aided a bedridden Denzel Washington in his pursuit of a killer, then Gone In 60 Seconds, where Jolie played Sarah "Sway" Wayland, ex-girlfriend of super-car-thief Nicolas Cage. She didn't have much to do but be charismatic, which she managed with ease - though she did look thin and drawn, something noted by Cristofer when Jolie moved directly from Gone In 60 Seconds on to the set of Original Sin. Based on Cornell Woolrich's Waltz Into Darkness, this would be a steamy bodice-ripper where she played a mail order bride for Banderas' coffee planter in 1900s Cuba, a bride who turns out to be dominating, manipulative and thoroughly untrustworthy. It was a wonder he didn't mail her straight back.

      Next would come the big one - Tomb Raider. To play videogame heroine Lara Croft, Jolie had to master a Brit accent and upper-class manners, plus kick-boxing, street-fighting, yoga, ballet, car racing and dog-sledding. Few actresses have the outlandish features and sheer physical power to pull off such a character, but Jolie managed it with some aplomb as Croft criss-crossed the globe, trying to prevent the Illuminati from using a magic triangle to control Time Itself. She would revisit the part in 2003 with the superior Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle Of Life. Here a Chinese crime boss and evil mastermind would attempt to unleash a deadly plague that, for some reason, chose to remain in Pandora's Box when all the other bad stuff sprang forth. Naturally, only Lady Lara Croft (in the original her aristocratic dad was played by Jon Voight) can save the day. Once again, Jolie impressed with her straight face, dry wit and comically unbreakable British resolve - she certainly gained more prestige than she would have done had she instead taken the role in Charlie's Angels eventually filled by Lucy Liu.

      Before the sequel, though, would come Life Or Something Like It where she played a Seattle TV reporter seemingly ambitious beyond her abilities. Stuck in a love triangle with a baseball pitcher and a cameraman, she's informed of her own imminent death by a street preacher and must get her life in order before popping her clogs. It doesn't sound good and it wasn't, Jolie hardly being tested by such weak material.

      Personally speaking, this was a hard time for Angelina. Having in 2001 adopted a Cambodian boy named Maddox, and having made clear her sympathy for nations much poorer than her own, she was made a Good Will Ambassador for the United Nations. It was a role she took seriously, visiting Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Pakistan and the Western Sahara. She examined first-hand the plight of refugees from Thailand and Chechnia, called for peace in Sri Lanka and pledged $5 million to a wildlife sanctuary in Cambodia (having been paid $12 million for Tomb Raider 2, this was something she could well afford).

      Unfortunately, her relationship with Thornton did not survive this burst of activity. He, she later claimed, was more interested in his career (he was at the time concentrating on his music) and left her and Maddox to go out on tour. The couple would officially split up in May 2002 and divorce a year later, after almost exactly three years of marriage. And the split would bring about another when father Jon Voight used TV interviews to reach out to a daughter he said had "serious mental problems". Angelina did not appreciate his words or tactics.

      Having worked extensively in the UK on the Tomb Raider movies, Jolie would buy herself a house in Buckinghamshire and often be seen out with former husband Jonny Lee Miller. Despite giving much of her time to the UN, she was still fairly prolific on-screen. After Tomb Raider 2 would come Beyond Borders, long delayed after the sacking of Kevin Costner (for being too demanding) and the subsequent departure of Oliver Stone. Interestingly, the movie would see her as the daughter of a rich industrialist, meeting a renegade doctor (Clive Owen replacing Costner) and, inspired by his impassioned desire to save lives, helping him do just that in war-torn Africa and beyond. There were clear parallels with her own life.

      2004 would bring a welter of work and another tumult of rumours. Onscreen, she'd open the year with Taking Lives, playing an intuitive American detective called up to help Montreal cops track down a serial killer. Through a strange and near-psychic process (as well as dogged police work), she reveals that the murderer, a major self-loather, has been offing people of gradually increasing age, stealing their identities and thereby living a series of different lives. Artist Ethan Hawke is able to sketch the killer, but will that do any good? The movie was quite complex, full of clues, shocks and sly cheats, but it was rather overshadowed by the break-up of Hawke's marriage to Uma Thurman. Naturally, rumours abounded that Jolie was the scarlet woman - in fact, it was model Jen Perzow.

      Next came Shark Tale, an animation where Will Smith's funky fish took credit for the accidental death of the son of shark mobster Robert De Niro. Now famous, Smith would attract the amorous, glamorous Angelina (a fish called Lola, of course) who'd tempt him to betray his long-time gal Rene Zellweger. Critics would complain that the film's welter of references to the likes of Jaws and The Godfather would put it beyond the ken of most kids. Nevertheless, without challenging the monolithic success of Shrek, it was still a big hit.

      After Shark Tale would come a real oddity, Sky Captain And The World Of Tomorrow. Inspired by 1950s sci-fi comics, this would see a crazed German scientist kidnap the world's greatest minds and then send giant robots rampaging through the streets of New York City. Teaming up to foil this megalomaniac would be Jude Law's freelance buccaneer, Gwyneth Paltrow's scoop-hungry hack and Angelina, a sexy, piratical pilot who may well have caused the break-up of an earlier relationship between Law and Paltrow. Really, you couldn't blame him.

      Sky Captain, an FX marvel that had seen the actors working mostly against green screens, was a cinematic wonder, but not a hit. Much the same could be said of Jolie's next venture, Oliver Stone's epic Alexander. This saw her as Olympias, mother of Colin Farrell's great conqueror. Married to a drunken Val Kilmer, she's beaten and banished, but returns when her young son acquires the crown of Macedon, henceforth acting as his inspiration as he subjugates the nations. It was an odd movie, glorious in its scope, thrilling in its battle sequences, but undermined by the complexity of its message and its shy handling of Alexander's bisexuality. Indeed, it was undermined to the extent that, having cost $150 million to make, its US box office takings stalled at $34 million. Ouch.

      Generally slating the movie, the critics paid special attention to the eastern European accent Angelina adopted. Fans would say this was a tad unfair - after all, Macedonia borders on Bulgaria which, like Russia, touches the Black Sea. She wasn't THAT far off. But her career did not suffer. Branching out artistically, she'd move on to The Fever, directed by Vanessa Redgrave's son Carlo Gabriel Nero. This was an HBO take on Wallace Shawn's play about a middle-class woman's political awakening. Ambitiously switching from action to filmed theatre to into-camera monologues, it would see Redgrave educated in the world's political hot-spots by journalist Michael Moore and Jolie's angry, pistol-packing revolutionary. Jolie would then take on another major release, 2005's Mr And Mrs Smith, where she and Brad Pitt starred as a bored couple whose marriage is both stimulated and endangered when they discover they're both secret assassins, now unfortunately hired to kill one another. Even before its release the film would cause something of a stir. Firstly, extra shoots meant that Jolie could not carry the Olympic torch through Athens - her work for the United Nations High Commission For Refugees was to have seen her represent the world's refugees. And there were the inevitable rumours of sexual misbehaviour. With Pitt and Jennifer Aniston the world's most famous couple and Jolie Hollywood's most notorious femme fatale, the tabloids, understandably, went bananas. For once they had good reason.

      Mr And Mrs Smith was, understandably, a massive hit, taking $186 million at the US box office. Much of the press surrounding it, though, concerned the stars themselves, the couple eventually being forced to ban questions about their relationship. For a full year they remained tight-lipped. Pictures of them together sporadically appeared, one set making upwards of $500,000. Pitt officially split from Aniston, divorcing in 2005. Only in 2006 would they come clean, with Pitt adopting Maddox and Zaharah Marley, an Ethiopian girl Jolie had herself adopted the year before. By the end of May they would have a child of their own, Shiloh Nouvel being born in Namibia. With Pitt now helping Jolie in her ambassadorial duties, it came as no surprise when they agreed to sell exclusive photos of the new arrival and donate all proceeds to charity.

      Charitable work and motherhood would now take up much of Jolie's time. Having in 2004 been made an Honorary Citizen of Cambodia due to her efforts in the region, she'd visit post-earthquake Pakistan and involve herself in the huge Live 8 concert. She'd also address the World Economic Forum, highlighting the plights of Darfur, Afghanistan and Nepal. But there would be the occasional cinema release. 2006 would see the long-anticipated premiere of The Good Shepherd, directed by Robert De Niro. This would tell the story of the early years of the CIA by following the career of operative Edward Wilson, played by Matt Damon, as he's recruited before WW2 then becomes a player in the Cold War. Jolie would deliver a highly dramatic turn as Wilson's wife Clover, first jumping him at a picnic and getting pregnant, then becoming estranged as war separates them, loneliness eventually driving her to cynicism and alcoholism. With an all-star cast featuring John Turturro, Michael Gambon and William Hurt, the movie would be both entertainment and history lesson. So would Jolie's next effort, Beowulf, where Robert Zemeckis told the old Norse legend using the same performance-capture animation technique he'd employed so successfully with The Polar Express. Playing one of history's most notorious female monsters, Jolie would be joined by John Malkovich, Anthony Hopkins, Crispin Glover and Ray Winstone.

      Still struggling with herself, and still publicly discussing her pleasures and pains (as well as her ever-increasing charity work - covered in part in her 2003 book Notes From My Travels), Jolie is one of Hollywood's more complicated characters. She may have found happiness with Brad Pitt but, as of 2006, she hadn't spoken to her father in four years. She's both a sex object and an international diplomat, an action star and an Oscar-winning thespian, a constant contradiction. Alongside the Japanese sign for death, Billy Bob, H, two Native American symbols, a dragon and a black cross, she has marked on her body a Tennessee Williams line "A prayer for the wild at heart, kept in cages", and "Quod me nutrit me destruit" - What nourishes me also destroys me. Let's hope she continues to benefit from the nourishment. And the cage.

      Mr And Mrs Smith was, understandably, a massive hit, taking $186 million at the US box office. Much of the press surrounding it, though, concerned the stars themselves, the couple eventually being forced to ban questions about their relationship. For a full year they remained tight-lipped. Pictures of them together sporadically appeared, one set making upwards of $500,000. Pitt officially split from Aniston, divorcing in 2005. Only in 2006 would they come clean, with Pitt adopting Maddox and Zaharah Marley, an Ethiopian girl Jolie had herself adopted the year before. By the end of May they would have a child of their own, Shiloh Nouvel being born in Namibia. With Pitt now helping Jolie in her ambassadorial duties, it came as no surprise when they agreed to sell exclusive photos of the new arrival and donate all proceeds to charity.

      Charitable work and motherhood would now take up much of Jolie's time. Having in 2004 been made an Honorary Citizen of Cambodia due to her efforts in the region, she'd visit post-earthquake Pakistan and involve herself in the huge Live 8 concert. She'd also address the World Economic Forum, highlighting the plights of Darfur, Afghanistan and Nepal. But there would be the occasional cinema release. 2006 would see the long-anticipated premiere of The Good Shepherd, directed by Robert De Niro. This would tell the story of the early years of the CIA by following the career of operative Edward Wilson, played by Matt Damon, as he's recruited before WW2 then becomes a player in the Cold War. Jolie would deliver a highly dramatic turn as Wilson's wife Clover, first jumping him at a picnic and getting pregnant, then becoming estranged as war separates them, loneliness eventually driving her to cynicism and alcoholism. With an all-star cast featuring John Turturro, Michael Gambon and William Hurt, the movie would be both entertainment and history lesson. So would Jolie's next effort, Beowulf, where Robert Zemeckis told the old Norse legend using the same performance-capture animation technique he'd employed so successfully with The Polar Express. Playing one of history's most notorious female monsters, Jolie would be joined by John Malkovich, Anthony Hopkins, Crispin Glover and Ray Winstone.

      Still struggling with herself, and still publicly discussing her pleasures and pains (as well as her ever-increasing charity work - covered in part in her 2003 book Notes From My Travels), Jolie is one of Hollywood's more complicated characters. She may have found happiness with Brad Pitt but, as of 2006, she hadn't spoken to her father in four years. She's both a sex object and an international diplomat, an action star and an Oscar-winning thespian, a constant contradiction. Alongside the Japanese sign for death, Billy Bob, H, two Native American symbols, a dragon and a black cross, she has marked on her body a Tennessee Williams line "A prayer for the wild at heart, kept in cages", and "Quod me nutrit me destruit" - What nourishes me also destroys me. Let's hope she continues to benefit from the nourishment. And the cage.